LIFE PROCESS THAT HUMANS CARRY OUT
PROSES HIDUP YANG MANUSIA LAKUKAN
a) Breathing / bernafas
b) Excretion & defecation / berkumuh & bernyahtinja
c) Response to stimuli / bergerak balas terhadap ransangan
d) Reproduction / membiak
BREATHING
The breathing organs of human / organ pernafasan manusia
Nose & mouth / hidung & mulut
v
v
Windpipe / salur udara
v
v
Lungs / peparu
1. Human breath to get oxygen from the air. / manusia bernafas untuk mendapatkan oksigen daripada udara.
2. It is called respiration. / Ia disebut sebagai respirasi.
3. Respiration involves inhalation and exhalation of air. / Respirasi melibatkan tarikan dan hembusan udara.
Breathing mechanism / mekanisma pernafasan
During inhalation / semasa menarik nafas:-
- Air is taken in through the nose or the mouth. / udara disedut masuk melalui hidung atau mulut.
- The lungs expand and cause the chest to move up. / Peparu mengembang dan dada ternaik ke atas.
- The air that is taken in contains more oxygen. / Udara yang disedut mengandungi banyak oksigen.
During exhalation / semasa menghembus nafas.
- Air is given out through the nose or the mouth./ Udara dihembus keluar melalui hidung atau mulut.
- The lungs contract and cause the chest to move down. / Peparu mengecut dan dada menurun.
- The air contains more carbon dioxide. / Udara mengandungi banyak karbon dioksida.
4. The rate of breathing is the number of chest movements in a period of time. / Kadar pernafasan ialah bilangan pergerakan dada pada suatu masa.
5. When a person is active, the rate of breathing increases because the person needs more energy. / Apabila seseorang aktif, kadar pernafasannya meningkat kerana dia memerlukan lebih tenaga.
EXCRETION & DEFECATION
BERKUMUH DAN BERNYAHTINJA
The human excretory organs / organ perkumuhan manusia
Skin / kulit => sweat / peluh
Lungs / peparu => Carbon dioxide & water vapour / karbon dioksida & wap air
Kidney / ginjal => urine / air kencing
Liver / hati => toxic / toksid
Large intestine / usus besar => undigested food / makanan tidak hadam
Bladder / pundi kencing => to store urine / menyimpan air kencing
1. Excretion / Perkumuhan
- discharging waste product from the body / penyingkiran bahan buangan dari tubuh seperti:-
a) urine / air kencing
b) sweat / peluh
c) water / air
2. Defecation / Penyahtinjaan
- removing faeces from the body. / pembuangan tinja atau najis dari tubuh
- faeces are undigested food which cannot use by the body. / najis ialah bahan makanan yang tidak hadam dan tidak dapat digunakan oleh tubuh.
3.The importance of excretion & defecation. / Kepentingan berkumuh dan bernyahtinja.
- Keeping the body healthy. / mengekalkan kesihatan tubuh
- If waste materials are not removed from the body, they can cause us to fall sick. / Jika bahan buangan tidak dikeluarkan dari tibuh kita, ia akan menyebabkan kita sakit.
- If faeces is kept in the body too long, it will harden and cause constipation. / Jika najis berada terlalu lama dalam tubuh, ia akan menjadi keras dan menyebabkan sembelit.
RESPONSE TO STIMULI
BERGERAK BALAS TERHADAP RANSANGAN
1. Human response to stimuli by using the 5 sensory organs. / Manusia bergerak balas terhadap ransangan dengan menggunakan 5 organ deria iaitu:-
a) Skin / kulit
=> Responds to heat, cold, wetness and dryness / Bergerak balas terhadap panas, sejuk, basah, dan kering.
b)Eyes / mata
=> Respond to light / Bergerak balas terhadap cahaya.
c) Ears / telinga
=> Respond to sound / bergeralk balas terhadap bunyi.
d) Nose / hidung
=> Respond to smell / bergerak balas terhadap bau.
e) Tongue / lidah
=> responds to taste such as sweet, sour, bitter and salty. / Bergerak balas terhadap rasa seperti manis, masam, pahit dan masin.
REPRODUCTION
MEMBIAK
1. Human reproduce to increase their numbers and ensure the continuity of the human species on Earth. / Manusia membiak untuk menambah bilangannya dan memastikan spesies manusia kekal di bumi.
2. Human reproduce by giving birth. / Manusia membiak dengan melahirkan anak.
3. The following diagram shows a family tree for three generation. / Rajah yang berikut menunjukkan salasilah keluarga bagi tiga generasi.
Grandfather Grandmother Grandfather Grandmother
Datuk Nenek Datuk Nenek
v v v v
v___________ v v_______________v
v v
v v
Farther / bapa Mother / ibu
v v
v____________________________________ v
v
v
Sons & daughters / anak-anak
BAD HABITS THAT DISTURB THE LIFE PROCESSES OF HUMAN
TABIAT BURUK YANG MENGANCAM PROSES HIDUP MANISIA
1. Some bad habits can be HARMFUL to the life processes of humans. / Sesetengah tabiat buruk boleh MENGANCAM proses hidupnya.
2. The following shows some bad habits and its effect to the life processes of humans. / Berikut beberapa contoh tabiat buruk dan kesannya terhadap proses hidup manusia.
a) Smoking / merokok
=> Damage the lungs / merosakkan peparu.
=> Cause throat and lung cancer, asthma and bronchitis / Penyebab barah kerongkong dan peparu, penyakit asma dan bronkitis.
b) Taking drugs and drinking alcohol. / Mengambil dadah dan minuman keras
=> Can make a person less sensitive or delay reactions to stimuli. / Menjadikan seseorang kurang peka atau lambat bergerak balas terhadap ransangan.
Bersambung ........
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